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The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. Like the biological system in which …

A developmental process in which NEURONS extend and form SYNAPSES.

Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.

The biochemical and electrophysiological interactions between the NERVOUS SYSTEM and IMMUNE SYSTEM.

Formation of neuronal processes (AXONS; NEURITES) toward a target cell.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

The physiological processes and techniques used by the body to prevent neuronal injury and degeneration in the central nervous system following acute…

The production and release of substances such as NEUROTRANSMITTERS or HORMONES from nerve cells.

Mechanism by which changes in neural activity are tightly associated with regional cortical HEMODYNAMICS and metabolism changes. The association is o…

An early embryonic developmental process of CHORDATES that is characterized by morphogenic movements of ECTODERM resulting in the formation of the NE…

The process in which the neutrophil is stimulated by diverse substances, resulting in degranulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen products, an…

The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory re…

Chewing gum which contains NICOTINE.

A process facilitated by specialized bacteria involving the oxidations of ammonium to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate.

The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of biochemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain,…

The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMO…

Conversion into nitroso compounds. An example is the reaction of nitrites with amino compounds to form carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.

A metabolic excess of REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES, including NITRIC OXIDE and PEROXYNITRITE, that leads to damaging effects of oxidation and nitration.

Any sound which is unwanted or interferes with HEARING other sounds.

Graphical representation of a statistical model containing scales for calculating the prognostic weight of a value for each individual variable. Nomo…

The system of ACETYLCHOLINE-synthesizing enzymes, transporters, receptors and degrading enzymes that characterize non-neuronal cholinergic cells such…

Chemical additives, such as aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose, that give a sweet taste to foods without contributing significant calories or promot…

An mRNA metabolic process that distinguishes a normal STOP CODON from a premature stop codon (NONSENSE CODON) and facilitates rapid degradation of ab…

Form of brisk walking, utilizing walking poles, which actively engages the trunk and upper limbs during walking, maintaining the natural gait, while …

Energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.

Nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of a heavy atom such as uranium or plutonium is split into two approximately equal parts by a neutron, charged …

Thermonuclear reaction in which the nuclei of an element of low atomic weight unite under extremely high temperature and pressure to form a nucleus o…

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is melted by dissociation of the …